Freshwater pearls: colors, authenticity and care

Freshwater pearls are genuine, naturally formed pearls created inside freshwater mussels and known for their soft, elegant lustre. They typically appear in white and cream tones, but can also show pink, peach, or subtle lavender undertones. Unlike mother-of-pearl, which is material from the shell, freshwater pearls are the pearl itself—often round or slightly oval with natural variations. This makes each pearl unique and creates a more organic, luxurious look. Freshwater pearls require gentle care, especially regarding perfume, hairspray, and prolonged contact with water.

Freshwater pearls are one of the most popular pearl types in jewellery because they combine a classic feel with natural variation. They suit both everyday wear and special occasions, and work beautifully in everything from small, discreet pearl studs to more statement necklaces and bracelets. At the same time, a few practical questions come up again and again: Are they real? What colours do they come in? Can they handle water? And what’s the difference between freshwater pearls and mother-of-pearl? You’ll find the answers here.

What are freshwater pearls?

Freshwater pearls are genuine pearls formed inside freshwater mussels. A pearl is made of layers of nacre (mother-of-pearl) that build up over time—and those layers are exactly what create the pearl’s characteristic glow and lustre.

Freshwater pearls differ from “pearl look” materials in plastic or glass because they have a softer, more lively sheen, and no two pearls are ever 100% identical.

Freshwater pearls vs. mother-of-pearl – what’s the difference?

This is an important distinction, especially because the terms are often mixed up:

Freshwater pearls are the pearl itself—a round/oval formation inside the mussel, used as a pearl in jewellery.
Mother-of-pearl is the material from the inside of the shell, often used as flat inlays/plates in jewellery (pendants, details, lockets).

Both have a beautiful shimmer, but the look is different: freshwater pearls feel more like a “classic pearl”, while mother-of-pearl often reads lighter, flatter, and more graphic.

What colours do freshwater pearls come in?

Freshwater pearls are most often seen in light, natural shades. Typical colours include:

white
cream/ivory
pink/blush
peach
soft lavender

Even when a pearl “looks white”, it can carry subtle undertones that shift in different light. Colour depends on the pearl type, the mussel, and any treatments, so small variations can occur—even within the same piece of jewellery.

Are freshwater pearls round?

Some are very round, but many freshwater pearls are slightly oval or organically shaped. This is completely normal and often part of the charm, as it highlights that the pearls are natural and unique. In jewellery you commonly see:

round or near-round pearls
oval/teardrop pearls
baroque pearls (more irregular shapes)

Are freshwater pearls “real”?

Yes—freshwater pearls are real, naturally formed pearls created inside the mussel. They can have natural variations in shape and surface, and some pearls may be lightly polished to achieve a more uniform look. This is why pearls can look slightly different from photos: no two pearls—and no two pairs—are exactly the same.

When a jewellery designer selects pearls, it’s typically a deliberate choice, ensuring the shape and lustre match the style of the design and the story the piece is meant to tell.

What do freshwater pearls look like in jewellery?

Freshwater pearls create a soft, elegant expression. They can be styled both classic and modern:

small pearls in stud earrings give a clean, timeless look
a single pearl pendant adds a simple, feminine detail
pearls combined with chain create a more trendy “mix” style

Pearls pair beautifully with both gold/gold-plated and silver, depending on whether you want a warmer or cooler overall feel.

Can freshwater pearls handle water?

Pearls can handle a little moisture, but they do not do well with repeated exposure to water, soap, chlorine, and chemicals. Pearls are more porous than many gemstones and may lose lustre if exposed to too much chemistry or heat.

As a rule of thumb: remove pearl jewellery before bathing/showering, swimming, washing dishes, and cleaning.

Can you use perfume and cream with pearls?

It’s best to avoid perfume, hairspray, and creams directly on pearls, as they can leave a film on the surface and dull the lustre over time. A good habit is to put on pearl jewellery last when getting ready.

How do you clean freshwater pearls?

Keep it gentle:

wipe pearls with a soft, dry cloth after wearing
if needed, use a slightly damp cloth (no soap or chemicals) and dry afterwards

Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and strong cleaning agents. Pearls respond best to gentle care.

How should you store freshwater pearls?

Store pearl jewellery separately so pearls don’t get scratched by other pieces. Pearls also benefit from not being kept completely dried out in very warm environments. A small pouch or a jewellery box with separate compartments is ideal.

Why do many people choose freshwater pearls?

Freshwater pearls are often chosen because they:

are real and natural with unique character
suit both everyday wear and special occasions
create an elegant, soft look without feeling “too much”
make a classic gift, because the colours are neutral and easy to style

Pearl jewellery is therefore a safe choice if you want something timeless—yet still lively and personal.